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Orthodox women are increasingly taking on leadership roles in their jobs and communities. However, female leadership in Orthodox institutions is still not shared equally between men and women. These matrials explore some of the obstacles to creating a more balanced share of public power between men and women.
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Frimer, Aryeh
"Women in Communal Leadership Positions," Frimer, Aryeh.
Synopsis: In his lecture before members of Tiferet Moshe Synagogue in Rehovot, Israel, Dr. Frimer discusses halakhic issues and public policy issues regarding the appointment of a woman as synagogue president and other public leadership positions. A link for the printed transcript appears in the articles section of this page.
pinchas-levinson.com/bermanshul/frimer/LectureJan1 ...
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ADDITIONAL READING
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Sperber, Daniel, Maroof, Joshua, and Bin-Nun, Yoel
Responsa Regarding Women's Roles in Religious Leadership, compiled by Sperber, Daniel, Maroof, Joshua, and Bin-Nun, Yoel.
Synopsis: In preparation of ordination of Mahara"t Sara Hurwitz, three rabbis wrote responsa to the question "of appointing a woman, who has learned Torah, and especially the halakhot of Orah Hayyim and Yoreh Deah from outstanding Torah scholars, and who according to her skills, knowledge, middot and life style is worthy of serving in Rabbinic roles, fulfilling a Rabbinic responsibilities in the community." Contained in this PDF file are the texts of these responsa in Hebrew and English.
R. Maroof's responsum is also available at this link
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Bleich, J. David
"Women on Synagogue Boards," Bleich, J. David. Tradition, 15:4, 1976.
Synopsis: R. Bleich examines halakhic sources and opinions that relate to inclusion of women on synagogue boards.
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Dulitz, Rachel
"A King and Not A Queen," Dulitz, Rachel. JOFA Journal, IV, 2004, 7-8.
Synopsis: This article analyzes the often-debated injunction against women serving in appointed, high-ranking leadership roles, originally as king/queen, and investigates whether this injunction extends to women's leadership roles of any kind. Dulitz analyzes textual sources to demonstrate that women are not forbidden from elected leadership roles, such as that of a synagogue president.
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Ellenson, David Harry
"Gender, Halakhah, and Women's Suffrage: Responsa of the First Three Chief Rabbis on the Public Role of Women in the Jewish State," Ellenson, David Harry. Gender Issues in Jewish Law: Essays and Responsa, 2001, 58-81.
Synopsis: R. Ellinson discusses the debate on women's suffrage and participation in public positions as reflected in the responsa of the early chief rabbis of Israel, Rav Avraham HaKohen Kook, Rav BenZion Uziel, and Rav Isaac HaLevi Herzog.
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Frimer, Aryeh
"Edited Transcript of 'Women in Communal Leadership Positions'," Frimer, Aryeh. , January 14, 2007.
Synopsis: In his lecture before members of Tiferet Moshe Synagogue in Rehovot, Israel, Dr. Frimer discusses halakhic issues and public policy issues regarding the appointment of a woman as synagogue president and other public leadership positions. A link for the recording of this lecture appears in the audio section of this page.
Click here to download this item in PDF format.
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Kook, Avraham Ha-Kohen and Uziel, BenZion, tranlated by Zvi Zohar
"The Halakhic Debate over Women in Public Life: Two Public Letters of Rav Avraham Ha-Kohen Kook & The Responsum of Rav BenZion Uziel on Wlomen's Suffrage and Representation," Kook, Avraham Ha-Kohen and Uziel, BenZion, tranlated by Zvi Zohar. Edah Journal, 1:2, 2001.
Synopsis: What is presented here are translations of the halakhic opinions of Rav Avraham Ha-Kohen Kook and Rav BenZion Uziel on the questions of the permissibility women's suffrage, and more
generally, women's participation in public life. The documents were written in 1919 and 1920, when the authors held the offices of Chief Ashkenazic Rabbi of Jerusalem and Chief Sephardic Rabbi of Jaffa respectively, and the question of women's suffrage was first debated in the Western world and Palestine. Background is provided in the introduction.
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Wartenberg, Daniel & Weiner, Audrey S
"Women in Jewish Communal Service: Can the Goal of Increasing Women in Leadership Roles Become A Reality?," Wartenberg, Daniel & Weiner, Audrey S. Journal of Jewish Communal Service, 74:2/3, 1997/8, 159-166.
Synopsis: This article summarizes the results of a survey distributed by the World Council about career advancement for women in Jewish Communal Service. According to the over 1,000 women who participated in the survey, the highest priority for the World Council should be the creation of mentoring opportunities and workshops to guide women’s career advancement.
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Zohar, Zvi
"Traditional Flexability and Modern Strictness: The Halakhic Positions on Women's Suffrage," Zohar, Zvi. Sephardi and Middle Eastern Jewries. Harvey Goldberg, Ed. Indiana Unversity Press, 1996, 119-133.
Synopsis: Zvi Zohar provides a halakhic and philosophic analysis of the letters of Rav Avraham HaKohen Kook and the responsum of Rav BenZion Uziel, that he translated and which are available via a link provided on this page.
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Hyman, Paula E. and Ofer, Dalia, eds
"Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia - Online Edition" by Hyman, Paula E. and Ofer, Dalia, eds. Jewish Women's Archive, 2009
Synopsis: This encyclopedia seeks to make available to all who are interested in Jewish history and culture the varied accomplishments of Jewish women and their many contributions to the Jewish historical experience over the course of the past three millennia. The online edition makes this wealth of information available to anyone, anywhere, and will allow scholars and more casual readers to propose updates and, in a later stage, to upload new articles. This first iteration creates easy access to the articles on the CD-ROM and gives users the opportunity to add links, updates, and suggestions for new content.
jwa.org/encyclopedia
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Barack Fishman, Sylvia
"Who Owns Judaism? Male Resistance to Role Equity," Barack Fishman, Sylvia. JOFA 5th International Conference. 2004.
Synopsis: This sesssion questions whether the increase in women's participation in leadership roles will cause a declining by men in taking these roles.
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Bronznick, Shifra, Rella Feldman, Rabbi Shmuel Goldin, Dr. Giti Bendheim, Moderator
"Sharing Power, Sharing Control," Bronznick, Shifra, Rella Feldman, Rabbi Shmuel Goldin, Dr. Giti Bendheim, Moderator. JOFA 4th International Conference. 2002.
Synopsis: This session analyzes the factors that contribute to women's lack of participation in the Jewish sphere of influence. It offers creative solutions on how to help women achieve greater status in shuls and communal institutions.
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Brooks, Andree
Woman Who Defied Kings: The Life and Times of Dona Gracia Nasi. Brooks, Andree. Paragon House Publishers, 2004.
Synopsis: The Woman Who Defied Kings is the first modern, comprehensive biography of Dona Gracia Nasi, an outstanding Jewish international banker during the Renaissance.
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